PASSIVE
VOICE
Passive
voice adalah suatu grammatical
construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak
melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of
action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun
tidak. Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject
berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi.
Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan
demikian.
Rumus
passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.
Catatan:
- Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being), kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) atau antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
- Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.
Contoh: She can’t drive a car. (active voice,
transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)
- Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular atau irregular.
Contoh: play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base
form) —> sung (past participle)
Contoh
Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:
|
Komponen
|
Contoh
Kalimat Passive Voice
|
||
|
Subject
|
be
|
PP
|
|
|
I
|
am
|
paid
|
I am paid in dollars.
(Saya dibayar dalam dollar.) |
|
the red velvet recipe
|
is
|
used
|
The red velvet recipe is used by
many people.
(Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.) |
|
all of my shoes
|
are
|
washed
|
All of my shoes are washed every
month.
(Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.) |
|
large amounts of meat and milk
|
are
|
consumed
|
Large amounts of meat and milk are
consumed by many people in the countries.
(Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.) |
|
the book
|
was
|
edited
|
The book was edited by Beatrice
Sparks.
(Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.) |
|
the books
|
were
|
edited
|
The books were edited by Beatrice
Sparks.
(Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks. |
Pengecualian
pada Transitive Verbs
Tidak semua transitive verb,
kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata
kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look
like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika
dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai
berikut.
Contoh:
- I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
- The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.
Penggunaan subject dan to be
|
Tenses
|
Contoh Subject
|
To be/+Auxiliary
|
||
|
Tunggal
|
Jamak
|
Tunggal
|
Jamak
|
|
|
Simple Present
|
I
|
they
|
am
|
are
|
|
Present perfect
|
he
|
we
|
has been
|
have been
|
|
Present Continuous
|
she
|
you
|
is being
|
are being
|
|
Present perfect Continuous
|
it
|
these
|
has been being
|
have been being
|
|
Simple Past
|
I
|
they
|
was
|
were
|
|
Past continuous
|
he
|
we
|
was being
|
were being
|
|
Past perfect
|
she
|
you
|
had been
|
had been
|
|
Past perfect
continuous |
it
|
these
|
had been being
|
had been being
|
|
Simple Future
|
I
|
they
|
will be
|
will be
|
|
Future Continuous
|
he
|
we
|
was being
|
were being
|
|
Future perfect
|
she
|
you
|
will have been
|
will have been
|
|
Future perfect
continuous |
it
|
these
|
will have been being
|
will have been being
|
|
Pastfuture
|
I
|
they
|
would be
|
would be
|
|
Past future Continuous
|
he
|
we
|
would be being
|
would be being
|
|
Past future perfect
|
she
|
you
|
would have been
|
would have been
|
|
Past future perfect
continuous
|
it
|
these
|
would have been being
|
would have been being
|
Rumus passive voice dalam 16 tenses
|
No
|
Tenses
|
Passive Voice
|
|
1
|
Present Simple Tense
|
S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by
+ O
|
|
English is spoken by many people
|
||
|
2
|
Present Continuous Tense
|
S + to be (am, are, is) + being +
V3 + by + O
|
|
English is being spoken by many
people
|
||
|
3
|
Present Perfect Tense
|
S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O
|
|
English has been spoken by many
people
|
||
|
4
|
Present Perfect
Continuous Tense
|
S + have/has + been + being + V3 +
by + O
|
|
English has been being spoken by
many people
|
||
|
5
|
Past Simple Tense
|
S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by +
O
|
|
English was spoken by many people
|
||
|
6
|
Past Continuous
Tense
|
S + to be (was, were) + being + V3
+ by + O
|
|
English was being spoken by many
people
|
||
|
7
|
Past Perfect Tense
|
S + had + been + V3 + by + O
|
|
English had been spoken by many
people
|
||
|
8
|
Past Perfect
Continuous Tense
|
S + had + been + being + V3 + by +
O
|
|
English had been being spoken by
many people
|
||
|
9
|
Future Simple Tense
|
S + will be + V3 + by + O
|
|
English will be spoken by many
people
|
||
|
10
|
Future Continuous
Tense
|
S + will + be + being + V3 + by +
O
|
|
English will be being spoken by
many people
|
||
|
11
|
Future Perfect Tense
|
S + will + have + been + V3 + by +
O
|
|
English will have been spoken by
many people
|
||
|
12
|
Future Perfect
Continuous Tense
|
S + will + have + been + V1-ing +
O
|
|
English will have been being
spoken by Many people
|
||
|
13
|
Past Future Simple
Tense
|
S + would + be + V3 + by + O
|
|
English would be spoken by many
people
|
||
|
14
|
Past Future
Continuous Tense
|
S + would + be + being + V3 + by +
O
|
|
English would be being spoken by
many people
|
||
|
15
|
Past Future Perfect Tense
|
S + would + have + been + V3 + by
+ O
|
|
English would have been spoken by
many people
|
||
|
16
|
Past Future Perfect
Continuous Tense
|
S + would + have + been +being +
V3 + by + O
|
|
English would have been being
spoken by many people
|
Sumber :
http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-passive-voice
